Description
- Smooth‑muscle & vascular research: relaxes blood vessel, airway and gastrointestinal smooth muscle for hemodynamic and bronchospasm pre‑clinical study.
- Immunomodulation: modulates T‑cell and macrophage cytokine release for autoimmunity and inflammatory‑injury model investigation.
- Neuroendocrine mechanism: acts as neurotransmitter to study pain signaling, circadian rhythm and hypothalamic‑pituitary axis.
- Tissue protection: explored for anti‑oxidative and anti‑apoptotic effects in acute lung injury and ischemia‑reperfusion models.
